2 General
2.1 Nature of the Red Bull Air Race
The Red Bull Air Race World Championship is an international series of Events with the participation of at least ten Race Pilots at each
Event. Race Pilots are racing for the best time and must navigate an aerial course featuring air-filled Pylons which form Air Gates as part
of the approved Race Track according to Red Bull Air Race Regulation Part B Race Track and Race Airport. The Red Bull Air Race
World Champion title is awarded to the Race Pilot who achieves the highest aggregate score in the given year.
2.2 Respect of laws and regulations
The Red Bull Air Race World Championship strictly obeys all relevant national and international laws and regulations as regards the
execution of the race and the participating Race Pilots and Race Aircraft, including air traffic laws, certification and Licencing principles.
Race Pilots or Race Team members who do not comply with the above mentions laws and regulations sanctions as described in section 9
shall be applied.
3 Terms and Definitions
Air Gates
The Air Gates or Gates are marked by air filled Pylons. Air Gates may be formed by either two (Start-/Finish, Level or Knife Edge Gate),
minimum two (Chicane) or four Pylons (Quadro). They shall be placed along the Race Track according to the guidelines set out in Red Bull
Air Race Regulations Part B Track and Airport.
Air Race
All Flying Sessions of an Event are jointly referred to as Air Race.
Approach Speed Limitation
A Limitation, which is stated in Section 6.
Compensation Training
An additional Flying Session to compensate reduced time in the Race Track on the previous Air Race.
Compound
Is the area near the Race Box that hosts the Event production headquarter as well as TV production, crew catering etc. The Race Tower is
also inside or nearby the compound area.
Crowd Line
Shall mean the front line of the spectators areas towards the Race Track to which the public has access during a Flying Display or Flying
Session.
Evaluated Session
A Flying Session of an individual Race Pilot is referred to as an Evaluated Session, if such Flying Session was evaluated in accordance
with section 8.1.
Event
A Red Bull Air Race Event takes place during three to five days at one location and consists of the Air Race as well as Flying Displays,
Media flights, Aviation Side Acts and other ground entertainment.
Final 4
The Final 4 is a Flying Session that includes the fastest four Race Pilots from the Super 8.
Flying Display
A Flying Display is any flying activity performed for the purpose of providing an exhibition or entertainment at an Event.
Flying Sessions
The Training sessions, the two Qualifying sessions, Wild Card, Top 12, Super 8 and the Final 4 are referred to as the Flying Sessions.
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Fuselage Reference Point (FRP)
Red Bull Air Race Regulations 6/24
Part A Sporting Regulations
Shall be the position of the Race Pilots helmet. It is utilized as a reference point for stewarding.
Info System
The Info System provides all necessary sporting information for the key personnel (e.g. the Director Aviation, the Race Director and the
Stewards in the Race Tower, Event Production etc.) It includes information on time keeping, speed, G-Force, penalties and ranking.
Lap
Shall mean one round through the Race Track which is flown generally two times; exceptions are possible.
Load Factor Limitation
The limitation stipulated by the Race Committee is an additional protection to the aircraft operating limit.
Media Plane
A double seat aerobatic plane which is utilized for flights with selected guests and media personnel.
Media Gate
Is a Level Gate that is utilized for level passes during Media Flights by a selected and trained Media Pilot.
Parc Fermé
The Parc Fermé is a separate and restricted area at the Race Airport, where technical scrutinising or the evaluation of technical problems
takes place.
Pylon
Is a device used to define the Race Track. Details as outlined in Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part B Track and Airport.
Qualification Camp
The Qualification Camp is usually held once a year. Race Pilots selected for Red Bull Air Race Super Licence training shall participate in
the Qualification Camp.
Qualifying
Qualifying sessions are flown to determine the starting order for the following Flying Sessions.
Race Aircraft
The Aircraft participating in the Air Race shall be designed and equipped according to Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical
Regulations.
Race Pilot
The Pilots competing at the Red Bull Air Race World Championship shall fulfil the criteria set out in Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part D
Qualification and hold a Red Bull Air Race Super License issued by the Director Aviation for the given year.
Race Box
The Race Box is a three dimensional airspace around the Race Track and further defined in Red Bull Air Race Regulation Part B Track
and Airport.
Race Track
The Race Track is the aerial course marked by Air Gates (including a start and finish line) and outlined in the Race Track description of
each RBAR location. Race Tracks are designed by or on behalf of the Director Aviation according to the Red Bull Air Race Regulations
Part B Track & Airport for the given Event.
Race Airport
The Race Airport (sometimes referred to as Temporary Runway/ TRW) can be located on a regular civil or military airfield. This option is
referred to as Embedded Race Airport. On provisional airfields this option is referred to as a Stand-alone Race Airport. Detailed
information about the Race Airport is outlined in the Red Bull Air Race Regulation Regulations in Part B Track & Airport.
Race Committee
Shall mean the committee as defined in section 4.2.
Red Bull Air Race World Championship
All Air Races taking place during one calendar year are jointly referred to as the Red Bull Air Race World Championship.
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Red Bull Air Race Regulations 7/24
Part A Sporting Regulations
Red Bull Air Race Regulations
Shall mean the Red Bull Air Race Regulations comprise of the following parts:
Part A: Sporting Regulations
Part B: Race Track and Race Airport
Part C: Locations
Part D: Qualification
Part E: Technical Regulations
Safety Line:
Describes the boundary seen from inside the Race Track beyond which Race Aircrafts shall not cross when established in the Race Box.
Shall
Shall describes a mandatory requirement that must be fulfilled.
Side Acts
Side Act Air aircraft and crews (short: Side Acts) are Air Crews that are operating inside or in proximity of the Race Box but outside the
Flying Sessions window of the Event (e.g. Vintage Aircraft, Helicopter, Jets, Parachute Jumpers etc.).
Slot
Every Flying Session follows a strict schedule. The Race Pilots are assigned so called Slots defining their starting order and take off
times which may be amended by the Event Director together with the Race Director as deemed necessary.
Sporting Medical Evaluation (SME)
Is an additional medical requirement for Race Pilots and Media Pilots and accomplished by a designated Sporting Medical Director
assigned by the Race Committee.
Super 8
The Super 8 is a Flying Session, whereby the 8 fastest Race Pilots from the Top 12 race individually determine their ranking. This Flying
Session determines the participation in the Final 4.
Super Licence
Is issued by the Director Aviation according to Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part D Qualification and entitles a Pilot to participate in the
Red Bull Air Race World Championship.
Technical Hangar
The hangar where the Technical Director conducts technical checks (e.g. checking weight of Race Aircraft etc.) and onboard systems are
maintained.
Technical Problem
A Technical Problem is a severe malfunction of the Aircraft and / or its system(s) with significant impact on the flying safety as defined in
Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical Regulations.
Top 12
The Top 12 is a Flying Session, whereby the 12 fastest Race Pilots from the Qualifying and Wild Card race individually determine their
ranking. This Flying Session normally determines the participation in the Super 8.
Training
The first Flying Sessions at an Event are Trainings for the Race Pilots to familiarise themselves with the Race Track.
Valid Session
A Flying Session is valid, if every entitled Race Pilot got the chance to fly it and time keeping was available for every Race Pilot.
Vertical Turning Manoeuvre (VTM)
Is a Flying Manoeuvre to reposition the Race Aircraft inside the Race Box as outlined in the Race Track description. This Flying
Manoeuvre can describe a level turn, a vertically tilted turn up to a pure vertical pull up and a reverse roll manoeuvre. The Race Director
can brief limitations to this Flying Manoeuvre as necessary based on local restrictions or other reasons. The Race Aircraft has to be
manoeuvred in such a manner so it stays clear of briefed Safety and Crowd Lines.
Wild Card
A Flying Session whereby certain Race Pilots ranked 11th and lower in the Qualification, fly for the two remaining start slots in the Top 12.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
4 Officials
4.1 Respect of the Red Bull Air Race Regulations
All Pilots and officials participating in the Event shall comply, on behalf of themselves, their employees and agents, with all provisions of
the Regulations, including supplements and amendments thereto which are duly notified and tracked in the list of amendments.
4.2 Race Committee
4.2.1 General
The Race Committee consists of three members with individually assigned responsibilities. These are the
World Championship Manager,
Director Aviation and
Sporting Manager.
Decisions of the Race Committee are taken by simple majority unless stated otherwise. In case of a tie, the absent member shall be
consulted and asked for his or her vote via telephone.
Number of Members
At least two members of the Race Committee, or their nominated delegate, shall be present at each Flying Session.
Appointment and Removal of Members
The members of the Race Committee are appointed and removed by the Red Bull Air Race GmbH.
Tasks and Duties
The Race Committee is the central governing body of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship and is responsible for the fair and safe
conduct of the Events. The Race Committee as a whole decides on all matters that are not regulated in the Regulations. Furthermore, it
serves as the adjudicator of appeals in accordance with section 10. The Race Committee amends and modifies these Regulations under
the conditions set out in section 12 of this document.
Criteria
The Red Bull Air Race GmbH shall ensure the proper qualification of the Race Committee members. Key qualifications are given as
guidelines in the sections on the respective members.
Communications to the Race Committee
Matters which clearly fall under the responsibility of one member of the Committee shall be referred directly to the relevant member. All
other matters shall be referred to the Director Aviation.
4.2.2 Director Aviation
Tasks and Duties
The Director Aviation is responsible for all aviation related topics of the Air Race, in particular for the Race Track design, adaptations of the
Race Track design and the qualification of the Race Pilots. The Director Aviation is the central point of contact for the FAI Delegate. The
Director Aviation is, together with the Sporting Manager, responsible for the final ranking of each Air Race and the Red Bull Air Race World
Championship. He also appoints qualified personal in aviation key functions. The Director Aviation follows up inputs for future
amendments to the Red Bull Air Race Regulations and also communicates these Regulations. The Director Aviation is the sole point of
contact with aircraft manufacturers with respect to Licensing.
Stand In
If the Director Aviation cannot be present at the Flying Sessions, he or she shall be available for consultation and decisions by means of
telephone or any other electronic media. If this is not possible, the Director Aviation may delegate his or her duties to a Race Director.
Criteria
The Director Aviation shall have large knowledge in flight operation, aerospace engineering and be a current or previous holder of a
Commercial Pilot Licence (ICAO or JAR-FCL) and have display director experience.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
4.2.3 Sporting Manager
Tasks and Duties
The Sporting Manager shall ensure that the Air Race is conducted according to the Regulations. He or she gives inputs for future
amendments to the Regulations based on his or her findings during the Events. The Sporting Manager evaluates and draws up solutions
for incidents not regulated in the Regulations which are in line with the general spirit of the Regulations (subsumptio). The Sporting
Manager is, together with the Director Aviation, responsible for the final ranking of the Air Races and the Red Bull Air Race World
Championship.
Stand In
If the Sporting Manager cannot be present during the Flying Sessions, he or she shall be available for consultation and decisions by
means of telephone or any other electronic media. If this is not possible, his or her duties may be fulfilled by the Race Committee as a
whole.
Criteria
The Sporting Manager shall have in depth knowledge of the Regulations. He or she shall have experience in sporting aspects.
4.2.4 World Championship Manager
Tasks and Duties
The World Championship Manager is responsible for the organisation and development of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship.
Stand In
If the World Championship Manager cannot be present during the Flying Sessions, he or she shall be available for consultation and
decisions by means of telephone or any other electronic media. If this is not possible, the Race Committee may delegate his or her duties
to the Event Director or they may be fulfilled by the Race Committee itself.
Criteria
The World Championship Manager shall have experience in the organisation of international sporting events. If the World Championship
Manager is prevented, the Event Director shall be his or her substitute.
4.3 Directors
4.3.1 General
The Directors serve as event-based executive support for the Race Committee.
4.3.2 Race Director
Tasks and Duties
The Race Director is responsible for the execution of the Flying Sessions according to the instructions given by the Director Aviation. The
Race Director shall hold the necessary briefings and is responsible for the display coordination and all movements in the Race Box. He or
she also monitors the environmental conditions at the Race Track (wind, ceiling, clouds, precipitation, waves, temperature etc.).
Authority
The Race Director starts, suspends and stops the Flying Sessions taking into consideration the reports of his or her staff and the Director
Aviation. The Race Director may disqualify a Race Pilot during any Flying Session for flight safety reasons, especially for dangerous flying.
Appointment and Stand In
The Race Director is appointed by the Director Aviation for a given Air Race. The presence of the Race Director during the Flying Sessions
is mandatory. If the Race Director is prevented, the Director Aviation shall stand in.
Criteria
The Race Director shall have sufficient experience as a display director. Further the Race Director shall be a current or previous holder of
a Commercial Pilot Licence (ICAO or JAR-FCL) or a military pilot licence. He or she shall have sufficient meteorological knowledge to
assess the weather data provided by meteorological services and measured at the Race Airport and the Race Track.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
4.3.3 Event Director
Tasks and Duties
The Event Director is responsible for the masterplan, for the organisation of all show rundowns and schedules for all Flying Sessions and
Flying Displays. The Event Director is also responsible for set-up and maintenance of the Race Track, in particular the set-up of the Air
Gates before and during the Flying Sessions. The Event Director organises the prize giving ceremony at the individual Events and for the
Red Bull Air Race World Championship. He or she works in close cooperation and according to the instructions of the World Championship
Manager. However, in aviation related matters, he or she shall act according to the instructions of the Race Director.
Appointment and Stand In
The Event Director is appointed by the World Championship Manager for a given Event. He or she shall be present at the given location
from the beginning of the Event.
Criteria
The Event Director shall have experience in the organisation of international sporting events.
4.3.4 Technical Director
The Technical Director is located at the Race Airport and is responsible for the technical assessment of the Race Aircraft and Media Plane,
i.e. that all Race Aircraft and Media Plane are built, assembled, maintained and operated in accordance with legal requirements and the
Red Bull Air Race Sporting Regulations Part E Technical Regulations. He or she is also responsible for the pre- and post Flying Sessions
inspections and for the assessment of the Race Aircraft returning to the Race Airport during a Flying Session with Technical Problems. The
Technical Director shall ensure that during scrutinising and during the mounting of race specific equipment, at least one member of the
respective Race Team is present. The Technical Director may delegate parts of his or her duties to the Technical Steward. The Technical
Director shall report directly to the Director Aviation on all occurrences which he or she considers may have an impact on the safe conduct
of the Flying Sessions.
Appointment and Stand In
The Director Aviation shall appoint a qualified Technical Director for a given Event. If the Technical Director is prevented, a substitute
Technical Director shall be appointed by the Director Aviation.
Criteria
The Technical Director shall be an experienced aerospace engineer and/ or a trained and licensed technician, ideally a licensed inspector
for all involved Race Aircraft and Media Plane.
4.3.5 Sporting Medical Director
The Sporting Medical Director is responsible for the Sporting Medical Evaluations (SME) in accordance with Red Bull Air Race
Regulations Part D Qualification. The Sporting Medical Director shall be available on site during the Events or as a minimum contactable
via phone for the Director Aviation. If not on site, an assigned substitute shall be in place. He or she consults the Race Committee in
regards to the results of the SME.
Appointment and Stand In
The Race Committee shall appoint a qualified Sporting Medical Director.
Criteria
The Sporting Medical Director shall have a medical degree and be specialised in flight and sport medicine.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
4.4 Race Stewards
4.4.1 General
The Race Stewards assist the Race Director or the Technical Director to fulfil his or her tasks.
4.4.2 Number of Race Stewards
A minimum of three Race Stewards shall be present at the Flying Sessions. The Head Steward, one Outside Steward and one Television
Steward. The number of Race Stewards depends on the Race Track design and has to ensure a fair and comprehensive evaluation of the
Air Race. Additional Stewards may be appointed by the Director Aviation.
4.4.3 Tasks and Duties
The Race Stewards shall continuously monitor the Race Pilots in the execution of their tasks. They report their observations to the Head
Steward. The Race Stewards shall be familiar with the Red Bull Air Race Regulations and shall fully enforce those.
4.4.3.1 Head Steward
The Head Steward reports all observations of the Race Stewards to the Race Director and assigns penalties as described in Section 8.
The Head Steward may recommend to the Race Director to stop a flight and disqualify the respective Race Pilot for any Flying Session in
accordance with the Regulations or for reasons of safety. The Head Steward takes notes as required during the Flying Sessions for the
debriefing.
4.4.3.2 Head Steward Assistant
The Head Steward Assistant is located in the Race Tower between the Head Steward and the Director Aviation. On instruction of the Head
Steward, the Head Steward Assistant logs the assigned penalties in the Info System. On instruction of the Head Steward and after
confirmation of the Director Aviation, the Head Steward Assistant logs the disqualifications into the Info System.
4.4.3.3 Technical Steward
The Technical Steward is located at the Race Airport and conducts pre and post Flying Sessions inspections as instructed by the
Technical Director and reports directly to him.
4.4.3.4 Outside Stewards
Outside Stewards are located in strategic positions near the Race Track during Flying Sessions as decided by the Head Steward. Outside
Stewards report their observations to the Head Steward via radio.
4.4.3.5 TV Steward
The TV Steward is located in the Race Tower and conducts stewarding utilising live video feed (TV) including the possibility for
instantaneous slow motion and stand still review. The TV Steward reports his or her observations to the Head Steward.
Appointment and Stand In
The Stewards are appointed by the Director Aviation for a given Event. Appointed Race Stewards shall be present for all Flying Sessions.
Criteria
The Head Steward, Outside Steward and TV Steward shall be a current or previous holder of a private Pilot Licence (ICAO or JAR-FCL)
and have experience in Aerobatic Flying and / or have experience as an aerobatic judge.
4.5 FAI Delegate
4.5.1 General
The World Air Sports Federation (Fédération Aéronautique Internationale/ FAI) supervises the Events and gives approval to the Red Bull
Air Race Regulations and therefore appoints and sends an expert representative, the FAI Delegate, to each Event.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
4.5.2 Tasks and Duties
General
The FAI Delegate shall supervise safety aspects of the Flying Sessions, in particular safety aspects of the Race Aircraft, the Race Track
and the Race Pilots. In addition, the FAI Delegate shall to the extent outlined in the Regulations supervise whether the Event is conducted
in conformity with the Red Bull Air Race Regulations. If the FAI Delegate has any indication that a safety aspect is not in conformity with
the Regulations or if he or she has any objection with respect to the overall safety, he or she shall report his or her objections and
recommendations in written form to the Race Committee via the Director Aviation that will take this report into consideration when deciding
on a possible suspension or cancellation of the relevant Flying Session(s). The FAI Delegate may request information needed to fulfil his
tasks directly from the Race Director and Technical Director in their respective areas of responsibility. In particular, the FAI Delegate
serves as supervisor in aviation safety questions.
Technical Questions
The FAI Delegate shall supervise the Technical Director and his or her team during their checks of the safety status and compliance of the
Race Aircraft and equipment with the Red Bull Air Race Regulations.
Safety Questions
The FAI Delegate shall supervise the overall flight safety of the Race Track, the Race Airport and the weather conditions. The FAI
Delegate thus monitors the preparation and conduct of the Air Race and evaluates changes in the schedule from a safety perspective. He
or she supervises that the Race Track is designed and set up to give best possible protection for spectators and Race Pilots.
4.5.3 Appointment and Stand In
FAI shall appoint and send a qualified FAI Delegate to each given Event. If the appointed Delegate is prevented, a substitute Delegate
shall be appointed by the FAI.
4.5.4 Criteria
The FAI Delegate shall be independent and shall not be affiliated with any of the Race Aircraft manufacturers, Race Teams or Race Pilots.
He or she shall have extensive experience in field of aviation, flight safety and complex aviation issues.
4.6 Race Teams
4.6.1 General
The Race Team provides the necessary financial, technical and logistic infrastructure for one Race Pilot holding a Red Bull Air Race Super
License. The Race Team or its Race Pilot shall enter into an agreement with the Red Bull Air Race GmbH in order to participate in the Red
Bull Air Race World Championship. For all works performed on the Race Aircraft, such as scrutinising or the mounting of race specific
equipment in the Technical Hangar, a member of the respective Race Team shall be present.
4.6.2 Team Coordinator
Each Race Team is represented by its Team Coordinator. The Team Coordinator is in general the main point of contact for the Red Bull Air
Race GmbH.
4.6.3 Race Pilot
The Race Pilots participating in the Red Bull Air Race World Championship shall be pilots with the necessary qualification as stated in Red
Bull Air Race Regulations Part D Qualification and shall hold a Red Bull Air Race Super License for the given year.
4.6.4 Technician
The licensed Technician is responsible for all the work that is done on the Race Aircraft as specified in Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part
E Technical Regulations. In case there is more than one Technician, one shall be appointed as Chief Technician and contact person for
the Technical Director.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
5 Pre and post flying procedures
5.1 Briefings
5.1.1 General
Each briefing has five main agenda items: Time synchronisation, weather update, NOTAMs, normal flight procedures and emergency
procedures. The official language of communication is English.
5.1.2 Main Aviation Briefing (MAB) and Side Act Briefing
The MAB takes place before the first Flying Session of a given Event and is headed jointly by the Race Director and the Director Aviation.
At the MAB all relevant information about the local regulations on flight operation is given, such as Race Airport regulations, flight routes,
holding patterns and emergency procedures. Attendance is compulsory for all Officials, Race Pilots, as well as all other pilots flying inside
or in proximity to the Race Box during Flying Sessions. A briefing for Side Act air crews - that are operating inside or in proximity of the
Race Box but outside the Flying Session windows of the race is held separately. In the case where some of these other pilots are
unavailable at the discretion of the Director Aviation shall be briefed by the Race Director prior to flying duties associated with Flying
Sessions.
5.1.3 Race Pilot Briefing and Debriefing
Each day a Race Pilot briefing shall be held by the Race Director before the Flying Sessions. These briefings include information on
current flight procedures. Attendance is compulsory for all Officials, Race Pilots, as well as all other pilots flying inside or in proximity to the
Race Box during Flying Sessions. In the case where some of these other Pilots are unavailable, they shall be briefed by the Race Director
prior to flying duties associated with Flying Sessions at the discretion of the Director Aviation. The MAB is considered to be a pilot briefing
as required by this point. Any Race Pilot not in attendance at the commencement of a Pilot Briefing is not permitted to participate in Flying
Sessions on that day. Each day after the last Flying Session a Race Pilots Debriefing shall be held by the Race Director. Attendance is
compulsory for all Race Pilots who participated in a Flying Session that day. After each Race Event the Director Aviation may debrief the
Race Pilots.
5.1.4 Steward Briefing and Debriefing
Before the first Flying Session of an Event, a Race Steward Briefing is held by the Race Director. Attendance is compulsory for all Race
Stewards. Only Race Stewards which have attended the Race Stewards Briefing are permitted to fulfil their tasks during Flying Sessions.
After any Flying Session the Race Director may hold a Race Steward Debriefing. The Technical Steward will be briefed and debriefed by
the Technical Director.
5.1.5 Pilots obligation
A pilot taking any drugs or medication or suffering from any illness or injury which might invalidate his or her Medical certificate or in any
way which may affect his or her performance shall inform the Director Aviation before the MAB, before the next pilots briefing or latest
before the next Flying Session is planned to start.
5.2 Mounting of Race Specific Equipment
The Air Race specific equipment, such as the data acquisition and telemetry box or the cameras and other necessary installations, is
mounted in the Technical Hangar by technical staff nominated by the Director Aviation. The installation shall be documented by the
Technical Director or an assigned person. A member of the respective Race Team shall supervise the whole process and shall give written
acceptance.
5.3 Race Scrutinising
Reassembly and mounting of Air Race specific equipment is supervised by the Technical Steward and the airworthiness and race
worthiness for the race participation is given by the Technical Director according to Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical
Regulations.
5.4 Pre and Post Flight Inspections
The Race Aircraft pre and post flight inspections shall be conducted in accordance with Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical
Regulations.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
6 Flying Sessions
6.1 General
An Air Race consists of the following Flying Sessions:
The Training sessions
The two Qualifying sessions
Wild Card
Top 12
Super 8
Final 4
6.1.1 Meteorological Conditions
The Race Director shall evaluate the weather conditions to ensure compliance with the requirements as shown below, or any stricter
requirements imposed by the relevant local aviation authority. Flights shall be conducted under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) in general. The
Race Director may at any time delay or suspend a Flying Session if in his or her judgement the weather is unsuitable for a Flying Session
even if the meteorological conditions meet the stated requirements. The meteorological requirements for a safe conduct of Flying Session
are as follows:
a) The wind speed must not exceed 24 knots (12 m/s) base, or gusts above 30 knots (15 m/s).
b) Flights shall in general be conducted under Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC).
c) The minimum meteorological condition shall be according to Special Visual Flight Rules (S-VFR) with 3,5km horizontal visibility, clear of
clouds and ground visible or as directed by the local Aviation Authorities.
6.1.2 Participation in the Flying Sessions
A Race Pilot participating in a Flying Session shall hold an Unrestricted Super Licence in accordance with Red Bull Air Race Regulations
Part D Qualification.
A Race Aircraft shall be conformal with Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical Regulations. A Race Pilot shall participate with
the same Race Aircraft in all Flying Sessions of an Event. For the avoidance of doubt, a Race Aircraft may not be substituted during an
Event in the case it is not serviceable.
6.1.3 Take Offs and Landings
Take offs and landings shall be conducted in a safe and professional manner. For not briefed or non-standard take offs and landings
sanctions as described in section 9 shall apply.
6.1.4 Start and Finish Line
Start and Finish Line may be an Air Gate, consisting of two Pylons called Start and Finish Gate, a natural line (bridge, road, etc.) or a line,
which shall be marked in a clearly visible manner with a chequered banner (black and white at each banner end) for the Race Pilot
according to Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part B Race Track and Race Airport. Procedures regarding the approach to the Start Line
and departure from the Finish Line maybe specifically briefed by the Race Director. In case of Race Pilots not adhering to these briefed
procedures, disqualification as described in section 8 or sanctions as described in section 9 shall apply.
6.1.5 Timing
Race time is the time it takes for the Race Aircraft to fly the approved Race Track, which might require two Laps, from the Start Line to the
Finish Line plus any assigned time penalties.
6.1.6 Did Not Start (DNS)
If a Race Pilot misses his or her Slot for any reason, he or she is not allowed to take part in the respective Flying Session and is then
recorded as Did Not Start.
Terminology: Did Not Start / DNS
Exception: Only during Training, he or she may start at the end of the respective Training session, provided he or she is offered a Slot by
the Race Director on behalf of the Race Committee. It is at the discretion of the Race Committee to offer such additional Slot or not,
depending on the overall time schedule of the Training session.
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Part A Sporting Regulations
6.1.7 Safety Climb Out (SCO)
If a Race Pilot decides at his or her own discretion to discontinue flying the Race Track due to safety reasons and he or she communicates
immediately via radio the wording Safety Climb Out or obviously discontinues flying in the Race Track because of safety reasons, he or
she shall be recorded as Safety Climb Out. However, Safety Climb Out shall have the same consequences as Disqualified with
respect to participation in Flying Sessions.
Terminology: Safety Climb Out / SCO
6.1.8 Did Not Finish (DNF)
If a Race Pilot decides at his or her own discretion to stop flying the Race Track due to other reasons than mentioned under Safety Climb
Out (SCO) he or she shall be recorded as Did Not finish. However, Did Not Finish shall have the same consequences as Disqualified
with respect to participation in Flying Sessions.
Terminology: Did Not Finish / DNF
6.1.9 Technical Problems during a Flying Session
6.1.9.1 Detection of Technical Problems During Flight
A technical problem is a severe malfunction of the Race Aircraft and / or its system(s) with significant impact on flight safety as
described in Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part E Technical Regulations. If the Race Pilot or the Race Director reports or
experiences a Technical Problem during a Flying Session, the Race Pilot shall leave the Race Track immediately. If the Race
Pilot does not realise, or if he or she ignores an obvious Technical Problem, the Race Director shall address him or her via
radio. If no radio contact is possible, the red smoke next to the Start- and Finish Gate will be initiated, furthermore a Knock it
off signal will be transmitted to the EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrument System). If a Race Pilot ignores such a message, he or
she shall be disqualified for Dangerous Flying.
6.1.9.2 Verification of Technical Problems
For verification of a technical problem in flight the Race Pilot shall land and taxi to the Parc Fermé. If the Race Aircraft is not
able to taxi on own power, it will be moved to the Parc Fermé under the supervision of the Technical Director. The Race Pilot
shall stay with the Race Aircraft, unless his or her life is at risk due to fire or other hazards. Procedures according to Red Bull Air
Race Regulations Part B Race Track and Race Airport apply.
If a Technical Problem is confirmed by the Technical Director after having been detected by the Race Pilot in flight, the Race
Pilots Flying Session shall be evaluated as Safety Climb Out/ SCO.
If a Technical Problem is not confirmed by the Technical Director after having been detected by the Race Pilot in flight, the Race
Pilots Flying Session shall be evaluated as Did not finish/ DNF.
6.1.10 Suspension or Cancellation of an ongoing Flying Session
The Race Director may decide at any point to suspend or cancel one or more Flying Sessions for safety or meteorological reasons. If a
Race Pilot is in the Race Track at that point, he or she shall be instructed by the Race Director to stop flying the Race Track immediately
and given further instructions. If the Flying Session is subsequently resumed, that Flying Session of the respective Race Pilot is completely
re-evaluated.
6.2 Training
6.2.1 General and Starting Order
The training course for the Training Sessions shall be completely identical to the Race Track in its dimensions and layout; however, its
location may be different. The starting order for all Training Sessions is defined by the results of the current Red Bull Air Race World
Championship standing. First ranked Race Pilot starts first, new Race Pilots start at the end. If there is more than one new Race Pilot, the
starting order of these new Race Pilots is determined by draw, conducted by Director Aviation.
6.2.2 Participation in the Training Sessions
A Race Pilot shall participate in a minimum of two Training Sessions before the Qualifying. The Race Committee may reduce the amount
of Training Flying Sessions to a minimum of one due to weather and organisational reasons. Those Race Pilots who did not reach the
Super 12 of the previous Air Race in that Red Bull Air Race World Championship season may be offered one additional Training Session
at the following Air Race stop, the so called Compensation Training.
Effective Page Date: 01. March 2009
Red Bull Air Race Regulations 16/24
Part A Sporting Regulations
6.2.3 Training Sessions Race Track Procedure
During the first, second and third Training Session, each Race Pilot is assigned a Slot to explore the Race Track without being bound to
follow the complete Race Track. However Crowd Line and Safety Lines shall be adhered to. Parts of the Race Track may be repeated as
long as the flying direction within the Race Track is observed. During the fourth Training session and Compensation Training, the Race
Pilots shall navigate the complete Race Track once as outlined and briefed by the Race Director.
6.3 Qualifying
General and Starting Order
The Qualifying typically consists of two mandatory Flying Sessions which may be reduced to one Flying Session at the discretion of the
Race Committee for reasons such as weather conditions or unforeseen Event Production reasons.
The Qualifying results determine ten participants for the Top 12.
The starting order for the Qualifying Flying Sessions is determined by the inverted result of the fourth Training Flying Session. If, due to
weather conditions or unforeseen Event Production reasons, the fourth Training Flying session could not be conducted, the starting order
will be the Red Bull Air Race World Championship standing. First ranked Race Pilot starts first, new Race Pilots start at the end. If there is
more than one new Race Pilot, the starting order of these new Race Pilots is determined by draw, conducted by Director Aviation.
6.4 Wild Card
General and Starting Order
The Wild Card is a second chance for the Race Pilots ranked 11th to 15th in the Qualifying to start in the two remaining slots for the Top
12. The starting order in the Wild Card is determined by the inverted result of the Qualifying.
The Race Pilots with the fastest and second fastest Race Times in the Wild Card win entry into the Top 12. The results of the Wild Card
determine rank 13 to 15 for the Air Race.
6.5 Top 12
General and Starting Order
The Top 12 includes the ten Race Pilots ranked 1st to 10th in the Qualifying and the two Race Pilots winning starting slot via the Wild Card.
The starting order in the Top 12 is determined by the inverted result of the Qualifying.
The Race Pilots recording the fastest eight Race times in the Top 12 proceed to the Super 8. The results of the Top 12 determine rank 9
up to 12 for the Air Race.
6.6 Super 8
General and Starting Order
The Super 8 includes the fastest eight Race Pilots from the Top 12. The starting order in the Super 8 Flying Session is determined by the
inverted result of the Qualifying.
The Race Pilots recording the fastest four Race times in the Super 8 proceed to the Final 4. The results of the Super 8 determine rank 5 to
8 for the Air Race.
6.7 Final 4
General and Starting Order
The Final 4 includes the fastest four Race Pilots from the Super 8. The starting order in the Final 4 Flying Session is determined by the
inverted result of the Qualifying.
The results of the Final 4 determine rank four, third, second and first place for the Air Race.
Effective Page Date: 01. March 2009
Red Bull Air Race Regulations 17/24
Part A Sporting Regulations
7 Cancellation of Flying Sessions
a) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to reduce Qualifying to a single
Flying Session. The Qualification is satisfactory, if at least one Qualification session was a Valid Session.
b) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel all Flying Sessions after
Qualifying and base the ranks of the Race on the Qualifying results.
c) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel the Wild Card and
determine the ranks 13 to 15 of the Air Race based on the results of the Qualifying. The two remaining starting slots for the Top 12 will be
appointed to the Race Pilots ranked 11th and 12th in the Qualification.
d) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel the Top 12 and the Wild
Card and determine the ranks 9 to 15 of the Air Race based on the results of the Qualifying.
e) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel the Top 12 after a Valid
Wild Card Flying Session and determine the results 9 and 10 of the Air Race based on the result of the Qualifying and further determine
the results 11 and 12 based on the result of the Wild Card session.
f) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel the Super 8 and
determine the ranks 5 to 8 of the Air Race based on the results of the Top12. In the case where the Top 12 is not a Valid Flying Session
the ranks 5 to 8 of the Race will be based on the results of the Qualifying.
g) In case of bad weather or mandatory organisational requirements, the Race Committee may decide to cancel the Final 4 and
determine the ranks 1 to 4 of the Race based on the results of the Super 8. In the case where the Super 8 is not a Valid Flying Session the
ranks 1 to 4 of the Air Race will be based on the results of the Top 12. In the case where the Top 12 is also not a Valid Flying Session the
ranks 1 to 4 of the Air Race will be based on the results of the Qualifying.
8 Evaluation
8.1 Evaluation of the Flying Sessions
8.1.1 Ranking
The results of the Flying Sessions are based on the time it took the Race Pilots to fly the Race Track, including any Penalties.
Disqualification, Did not finish, Safety Climb Out and Did not start are also ranked. The ranking sequence shall be as follows (from
highest to lowest):
1. Safety Climb Out
2. Did Not Finish and Disqualification (equals)
3. Did Not Start
8.1.2 Tie Situations
Identical times, more than one Safety Climb Out, more than one Did Not Finish or Disqualification and more than one Did Not Start,
create tie situations which shall be resolved as following:
a) In the case of a tie during any Training Flying Session the respective Race Pilots are ranked according to their current Red Bull Air Race
World Championship standings.
b) In the case of a tie during Qualifying the respective Race Pilots are ranked according to their results in the fourth Training Flying
Session. If, due to weather conditions or unforeseen Event Production reasons, the fourth Training Flying session could not be conducted,
the respective Race Pilots are ranked according to their current Red Bull Air Race World Championship standing. For the first Red Bull Air
Race of the season - where no current World Championship standing is available a draw by the Race Committee will be conducted to
determine the ranking.
c) In the case of a tie during the Wild Card or Super 12 the respective Race Pilots are ranked according to their results in Qualifying.
Exception exists for a tie situation in the Super 12 between the two Race Pilots which competed in the Wild Card; in this case the
respective Race Pilots are ranked according to the result of the Wild Card.
d) In the case of a tie during the Super 8 or Final 4 the respective Race Pilots are ranked according to their results in the last valid Flying
Session.
Note: The intent of this paragraph is that Race Pilots in a tie situation will have their results compared from the same previous Flying
Session so that the weather and other conditions influencing those results are as even as possible.
8.1.3 Time Penalties
The time penalties are assigned by the Head Steward and are logged into the Info System by the Head Steward Assistant.
8.1.3.1 Air Gate Passing Criteria
| Gate type | Height limits | Angle of bank (AOB) limits | Horizontal & vertical flight path limits |
| START/ FINISH GATE (first pass) |
FRP inside upper 50 % of Air Gate height. |
0° +/- 10° | Horizontal flight path shall be established from the moment the spinner is between the Pylons until the moment the FRP is past the Pylons. |
| START/ FINISH GATE (2nd and final pass) |
FRP inside upper 50 % of Air Gate height. |
--- | --- |
| CHICANE GATE | FRP inside upper 50 % of Chicane Pylons height; measured when FRP is abeam the first Pylon until FRP is abeam last Pylon. | --- | --- |
| LEVEL GATE | FRP inside upper 50 % of Air Gate height. |
0° +/- 10° | Horizontal flight path shall be established from the moment the spinner is between the Pylons until the moment the FRP is past the Pylons. |
| QUADRO GATE | FRP inside upper 50 % of Air Gate height through both Pylon pairs. |
90° +/- 20° Direction as described in the approved Race Track. |
Horizontal flight path or slightly climbing flight path of the FRP shall be established from the moment the spinner is between the first Pylon pair until the moment the FRP is past the last Pylon pair. |
| KNIFE EDGE GATE | FRP inside upper 50 % of Air Gate height. | 90° +/- 20° Direction as described in the approved Race Track. |
Horizontal flight path or slightly climbing flight path of the FRP shall be established from the moment the spinner is between the Pylons until the moment the FRP is past the Pylon pair. |
Notes:
1. Upper 50 % of Air Gate height
The upper 50 % of an Air Gate's height is an area defined by the bottom of the coloured markings of a Pylon and the top of the
Pylon. This also applies for the Chicane Pylons that are considered to be one Gate.
2. Fuselage Reference Point (FRP)
The FRP is the position of the Race Pilot's helmet. If the Race Pilots helmet is not visible to the stewards or the Race Director -
e.g. when Race Aircraft is seen from below, the front, the rear or from the side during Knife Edge etc. - the estimated position of
the Race Pilot's helmet is taken into account.
3. Chicane
The canopy of the Race Aircraft shall face towards the passing Pylon; passage as depicted in the Race Track description; all
pylons of a Chicane are considered to be one Air Gate regarding Air Gate height measurement.
4. Quadro and Knife Edge Gate
After the FRP has passed the relevant Pylons the Race Aircraft shall be rolled such that the attitude transits through the erect
attitude i.e. through the wings level attitude, before manoeuvring for the next Gate. Failure to transit through the erect attitude will be considered "Dangerous Flying".
8.1.3.2 Incorrect passing of a Gate +2-Seconds Time Penalty
Flying Too High
Flying with the FRP above the top of an Air Gate - but still following the approved Race Track;
Terminology: "Too High"
Incorrect Knife Flying
Flying through a Knife Edge Gate or a Quadro Gate and exceeding the described Angle of Bank or turning to the wrong side (Knife Edge
left or right) according to the approved Race Track;
Terminology: "Incorrect Knife Flying"
Incorrect Level Flying
Flying through a Start/ Finish Gate (1st pass) or a Level Gate and exceeding the described Angle of Bank;
Terminology: "Incorrect Level Flying"
8.1.3.3 Touching a Gate + 6-Seconds Time Penalty
The +6-Seconds Time Penalty is assigned for each Pylon touch which results in a damaged Gate. If one or more Pylons of an Air Gate
are touched and damaged when passing that Air Gate - e.g. in the Chicane or in the Quadro Gate - than only one +6-Second time penalty
is assigned.
Terminology: "Touching a Gate"
The subsequent Air Gate missing one Pylon or more Pylons shall be passed in a potential second Lap within the same criteria as
described in the Air Gate passing criteria above.
8.1.4 Disqualification
8.1.4.1 General
Disqualification is effective for one Flying Session. The ranking of disqualified Race Pilots is determined as described in section 8.1.1.
8.1.4.2 Disqualification for Dangerous Flying
A Race Pilot who, at the judgement of the Race Director, flies dangerously or unsteadily e.g.
- uncontrolled steering movements,
- uncontrolled flights,
- close to the ground pull up from descent (stall with sink rate),
- crossing a Safety Line,
- to fly the Chicane using a negative "G" turn around a Pylon,
- flying with unnecessarily close proximity to ground and ground objects,
- flying into clouds,
- touching the surface
- not complying with Note 4 of section 8.1.3.1.
- or ignores commands of the Race Director
shall be instructed to discontinue his or her flight immediately, leave the Race Track and follow the instructions of the Race Director.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Dangerous Flying"
8.1.4.3 Dangerous Approach
Dangerous Approach means entering the course at an angle steeper than 45° or from above the briefed holding altitude for the location.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Dangerous Approach"
8.1.4.4 Flying too low
The Air Gates shall be passed regarding the height as described according to the Air Gate passing criteria. Otherwise, the Race Pilot shall
be disqualified.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Flying too low"
8.1.4.5 Crossing the Safety Line
A Race Pilot crossing the Safety Line or the crowd line shall be disqualified.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Safety Line"
8.1.4.6 Deviation from the Course.
A Race Pilot whose flight path deviates from the Race Track shall be disqualified. This includes not flying the Chicane according to the
approved Race Track or missing a Gate completely.
Terminology: "Terminate (3x) - Course Deviation"
8.1.4.7 Exceeding Approach Speed Limit
If the Race Pilot exceeds the Approach Speed Limit of 200 knots in the approach to the Race Track, he or she shall be considered to fly
dangerously and shall be disqualified.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Exceeding Air Speed Limit"
8.1.4.8 Exceeding Maximum Load Factor
If telemetry or post flight analysis shows, that the Race Pilot exceeded the maximum permitted load factor of 12 G, he or she shall be
disqualified.
Terminology: "KNOCK IT OFF (3x) - Exceeding Maximum g"
8.2 Evaluation of a Single Air Race
8.2.1 General
The evaluation of a single Air Race is according to sections 6.3 and following. The Sporting Manager may annul the results partly or totally,
if the Regulations were violated. The ranking only becomes valid, once all protests have been decided.
8.2.2 Red Bull Air Race World Championship Points
After the ranking for the given Air Race has been determined as outlined in the previous sections, the following points shall be awarded for
the following positions:
PLACE POINTS
1 12
2 10
3 9
4 8
5 7
6 6
7 5
8 4
9 3
10 2
11 1
12 0
13 0
14 0
15 0
8.2.3 Additional World Championship Points:
The Race Pilot recording the fastest race time out of both Qualifying Flying Sessions - or one Qualifying Flying Session if only one Valid
Qualifying Flying Session was flown - will be awarded one World Championship point. This World Championship point will be effective
directly after Qualifying.
8.2.4 Tie situation in the current Red Bull World Championship standing
In case of a tie in the score for the current Red Bull Air Race World Championship standing, the Race Pilot with the higher number of
higher (better) finishing positions of the races in the respective season so far will take priority.
In case this score results in a tie again, the Race Pilot with the higher number of higher finishing positions within all the Qualifying sessions
flown through out the Red Bull Air Race World Championship will take priority. In case this score results in a tie again, the Race Pilot who
received more World Championship points in the last three Races of the season will take priority. If less than three Races took place, those
(up to two) Races will count.
8.2.5 Red Bull Air Race World Champion
The Red Bull Air Race World Champion annual evaluation is based on the aggregate points scored by the Race Pilots for the individual Air
Races. The Race Pilot with the highest score shall be the winner and shall be awarded the title 'Red Bull Air Race World Champion'. In the
case of a tie in the score, the Race Pilot with the higher number of higher (better) finishing positions will take priority.
In case this score results in a tie again, the Race Pilot with the higher number of higher finishing positions within all the Qualifying sessions
flown through out the Red Bull Air Race World Championship will take priority. In case this score results in a tie again, the Race Pilot who
received more World Championship points in the last three Races of the season will take priority.
9 Sanctions
9.1 Incidents
For incidents or violations of the Regulations, including violations of orders out of briefings, not regulated in the sections 8.1.3 'Time
Penalties' or section 8.1.4 'Disqualification', the sanctions outlined hereunder shall apply.
9.2 Types of Sanctions
9.2.1 Warning
Warnings shall be announced orally or in writing by the Director Aviation on behalf of the Race Committee.
9.2.2 Payment of a Penalty Fee
A penalty fee of 2.000,00 Euro (in words: Two thousand) shall be imposed in writing by the Director Aviation on behalf of the Race
Committee.
9.2.3 Suspension
The following types of suspensions may be imposed by the Race Committee (depending on the magnitude of the offence):
- Short term suspension from one Flying Session
- Suspension from all Flying Sessions at a location
- Suspension from participation for all Events in a country
- Suspension from participation of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship
Suspension for Technical Reasons
If any of the technical checks outlined in these Regulations detect non-compliance with the Regulations and / or if a Race Pilot declares
nonexistent technical problems, he or she shall be suspended for technical reasons.
Suspension for Medical Reasons
If indications as outlined in section 5.1.5 or as outlined in Red Bull Air Race Regulations Part D 'Qualification' section 4.3 are present he or
she shall be suspended for medical reasons.
10 Protests and Appeals
10.1 Protests
10.1.1 Right to Protest
Race Pilots - or Team Coordinators on behalf of the Race Pilot - may protest against penalties or Sanctions related to their own
performance, if they consider them not to have been imposed in accordance with the Regulations.
10.1.2 Notice of Protest
Each protest shall be submitted to the Director Aviation via mobile phone text message at the latest 5 minutes after the Race Pilot shuts
down the Race Aircraft after the related Flying Session and shall be accompanied by the cash payment of the protest fee of 500,00 EURO
(in words: Five hundred).
10.1.3 Judgment
The Director Aviation and the Sporting Manager rule on the protest. If they rule in favour of the protest, the results will be adjusted and the
protest fee shall be refunded. The rulings on protests against penalties shall be final and binding.
10.2 Appeals
10.2.1 Right to Appeal
The rejection of a protest against a sanction may be appealed.
10.2.2 Notice of Appeal
Appeals shall be submitted to the Director Aviation in writing within two hours after the rejection of the protest and shall be accompanied by
the cash payment of the appeal fee of 500,00 EURO (in words: Five hundred).
10.2.3 Judgment
The Race Committee rules on appeals. If the Race Committee rules in favour of the appeal, the sanctions shall either be lifted or adjusted
and the protest and appeal fees shall be refunded.
11 Award Ceremony
11.1 Presence of Race Pilots
All Race Pilots shall attend the award ceremony of each Air Race that they have participated in. All Race Pilots of each Air Race shall be
available for interviews on the stage and at the press conference.
12 Amendments
12.1 Competence
These Regulations are modified and amended by the Race Committee. To ensure an efficient race conduct or in case of mandatory organisational requirements the Race Committee may temporarily change the
Regulations by unanimous vote.
12.2 Announcement
Any amendments and modifications of the Regulations or their adaptation to local conditions and directions of authorities have to be
announced to the Race Teams and Race Pilots in a timely fashion in form of a briefing or written communication by the Director Aviation.
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